Symptoms and Diagnosis of Canine Distemper in Shih Tzus

Understanding Canine Distemper

Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that impacts the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems of dogs. All breeds are susceptible, but Shih Tzus are particularly vulnerable. Their compact nasal passages and potential for weakened immune systems, especially in puppies and seniors, increase risk.

What is Canine Distemper?

The disease is caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), related to the measles virus in humans. CDV is known for high mortality rates among unvaccinated dogs. It is a resilient pathogen that can survive in various conditions and spreads readily through airborne transmission.

Transmission and Spread

The virus mainly spreads through direct contact with infected dogs or by exposure to aerosolized viral particles in respiratory secretions. This makes crowded areas like shelters and dog parks potential hotspots for outbreaks. The social nature of Shih Tzus also raises their risk of exposure when interacting with infected dogs.

Recognizing Symptoms of Distemper in Shih Tzus

Spotting the early signs of distemper is vital, as the symptoms can mimic other illnesses, leading to misdiagnosis if not carefully evaluated.

Early Warning Signs

Watch for these initial symptoms:

• High fever
• Nasal and eye discharge
• Lethargy
• Loss of appetite

As the virus progresses, more serious signs like coughing, vomiting, and diarrhea may emerge. Closely monitor your Shih Tzu and contact your vet promptly if any concerning symptoms appear.

Neurological Symptoms

In later stages, the virus may attack the nervous system, causing:

• Muscle twitches
• Seizures
• Partial or full paralysis
• Hardening of footpads and nose

These neurological issues point to advanced distemper, requiring urgent veterinary attention. Thorough symptom monitoring and early intervention can help detect distemper before reaching this critical stage.

Pinpointing Distemper in Shih Tzus

Confirming canine distemper involves a combination of factors. The vet will assess the dog’s history, symptoms, and test results to reach an accurate diagnosis.

Multimodal Testing

Common diagnostic approaches include:

• Physical exam – Checking symptoms and clinical signs
• Bloodwork – Tests to detect presence of virus
• Antibody assays – ELISA or PCR to identify antibodies fighting CDV
• Imaging – X-rays to uncover secondary pneumonia

No single test definitively rules in or out distemper. Instead, the vet compiles clinical findings, lab work, and imaging to piece together the diagnostic puzzle. Multimodal testing allows vets to differentiate distemper from potential mimics like kennel cough or allergy symptoms. Catching definitive signs early is key to guide treatment.

Treatment Options for Distemper in Shih Tzus

Unfortunately there is no cure for the canine distemper virus itself. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing secondary issues.

Supportive Care

Vets may recommend:

• IV fluids to prevent dehydration
• Antibiotics to treat secondary infections
• Anti-seizure medicine for dogs with seizures

Treatment is tailored to each dog’s symptoms and disease severity. The goal is to support the body while the immune system fights the virus.

Nutritional Support

Proper nutrition aids recovery. High-quality foods and supplements can help strengthen a Shih Tzu’s immune defenses against distemper.

Preventing Distemper in Shih Tzus

Stopping distemper before it starts is much more effective than treatment. Vaccination is the best prevention strategy.

Vaccination Schedule

The typical schedule includes:

• Initial puppy shots starting at 6-8 weeks
• Follow-up boosters every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks
• Yearly boosters to maintain immunity

Staying current on vaccinations is the key to protecting Shih Tzus from this dangerous virus. Prevention through early and consistent vaccination saves lives.

Distemper Prognosis and Ongoing Care in Shih Tzus

Understanding the prognosis for a Shih Tzu with distemper allows owners to set realistic expectations and prepare for potential long-term impacts.

Prognosis Factors

Several factors influence outlook, including:

• Age and vaccination status – Puppies and unvaccinated dogs tend to face more severe disease.
• Symptom severity – Neurologic involvement generally indicates poorer prognosis.
• Early intervention – Prompt treatment can improve chances.

Potential Long-Term Effects

Some dogs may experience lasting effects like:

• Chronic neurological problems – Seizures, twitching, coordination deficits
• Hard pad disease – Thickening of the skin on paw pads and nose
• Permanent vision or hearing loss
• Ongoing respiratory issues

Caring for a Shih Tzu with these lingering impacts requires lifestyle adjustments and patience. Work closely with your veterinarian for the best care plan. While distemper can certainly take a toll, early action and dedicated ownership can help affected Shih Tzus enjoy quality lives.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the first signs of distemper in Shih Tzus?

Early symptoms to watch for include lethargy, fever, nasal discharge, coughing, reddened eyes, and loss of appetite.

How is distemper treated in Shih Tzus?

There is no direct cure for the distemper virus itself. Treatment involves supportive care to manage symptoms, prevent dehydration, and avoid secondary infections.

What is the recovery time for distemper?

Recovery time varies depending on severity. With aggressive supportive treatment, clinical improvement may occur within 2-3 weeks. However, complete recovery can take 1-2 months or longer.

Can a recovered Shih Tzu get distemper again?

It is possible but unlikely for a recovered dog to contract distemper again. Natural immunity after infection is typically long-lasting when paired with vaccinations.

How can I best care for my Shih Tzu with distemper?

Provide comfort measures, nutritional support, medication administration, physical rehabilitation, a stress-free environment, and follow all veterinary recommendations. Your devotion can positively impact your Shih Tzu’s recovery.